Как образуется passive voice (страдательный залог) в английском языке мы разобрали в темах:
Не забудьте изучить или повторить вышеперечисленные темы. А сегодня мы рассмотрим некоторые нюансы образования и употребления страдательного залога.
Существуют глаголы, которые могут иметь прямое и косвенное дополнение. Например глагол offer.
Мы можем составить два вида предложений по следующим схемам.
- He offered me some money.
- He offered some money to me.
Предложения построенные по данным схемам также имеют два соответствующих варианта страдательного залога.
- I was offered some money (by him).
- Some money was offered to me (by him).
Такие схемы построения страдательного залога используются с глаголами:
- Give
- Lend
- Send
- Throw
- Award
- Hand
- Ask
- Read
- Teach
Someone sends me a lot of spam. (Active voice)
Passive voice:
- A lot of spam is sent to me (by someone).
- I am sent a lot of spam (by someone).
The committee awarded him a prize. (Active voice)
Passive voice:
- A prize was awarded to him (by the committee).
- He was awarded a prize (by the committee)
Sara handed me a crumpled note. (Active voice)
Passive voice:
- A crumpled note was handed to me (by Sara).
- I was handed a crumpled note (by Sara).
Если мы хотим сделать акцент на том, кто выполнил действие, мы добавляем «by…» — by him, by John etc.
- Some money was offered (to) me.
Как образуется passive voice
Это глаголы:
- Suggest
- Propose
- Mention
- Explain
- Report
- Introduce
- Describe
- Announce
- Demonstrate
Active voice:
- He mentioned the passsword to us by mistake. (Not —
he mentioned us the passsword by mistake)
Passive voice:
- The password was mentioned to us by mistake. (Not —
we were mentioned the password.)
The boss introduced a new employee to us.
- A new employee was introduced to us (by the boss).
She explained the main problem to me.
- The main problem was explained to me.
The witness described the thief to the police in detail.
- The thief was described to the police in detail.